Of all the vegetables found in the kitchen, bitter gourd stands as a different vegetable. Bitter gourd has a positive influence on glucose metabolism all over the body, not like any other diabetes medicines which are only effective in one target organ or tissue. As one of the most nutritious cucurbits, bitter melon is reported to have medicinal properties. In order to explore the efficient and ecological hainan bitter gourd cultivation patterns, our laboratory had conducted production comparative study for two consecutive years 20102011 using reyan no. The following are the pests found in bitter gourd farming. Bitter gourd crop diseases and their control powdery mildew sphaerotheca fuliginea. Is bitter gourd effective to control high creatinine level. Normally, it takes 1520 days after fruit set or 90 days from planting for fruit to reach marketable age, however, fruits can be harvested at earlier stages depending on. Management cucurbits should be rotated with another crop every 2 years to reduce levels of inoculum. Bitter gourd momordica charantia is an important vegetable crop and is grown for its immature tuberculate fruits which have a unique bitter taste.
It should be in a frostfree area and will prefer the. Organic farming disease management of horticultural crops. Mar 07, 2015 manure and fertilizers requirement for bitter gourd plants. It is very invasive in guam englberger, 2009, and has also been reported as invasive in other parts of the pacific, brazil i3nbrazil, 2014. The disease first appears as small, watersoaked, yellow, angular lesions on the upper surface of the leaves that are restricted by the leaf veins. This melon is also known as bitter gourd, bitter squash, goya melon, karela, and balsam pear stephens 2012. The symptoms are shortening of internodes and phyllody of normal flowers.
Pdf management of bittergourd yellow mosaic virus bgymv. Insect pests and their management the main insect pests of cucurbits are. Water management bitter gourd is a floodtolerant crop. Pdf management of prevalent diseases of bitter gourd. Management of prevalent diseases of bitter gourd journal of. The number one disease management strategy is to prevent it in the first place. Diseases, management, bitter gourd mancozeb and treatment introduction bitter gourd, momordica charantia l.
Important activities for pest free bitter gourd production for export cuelure traps department of agriculture, plant protection adviser integrated pest management ipm in bitter gourd momordica charantia for export purpose dr. The bitter gourd can be used to treat diabetes mellitus and appears to be a safe alternative to reduce blood glucose 35. This disease is favored by high humidity and tends to occur on older leaves first symptoms. In severe cases, these spread, coalesce and cover both the surfaces. Antidiabetic effects of momordica charantia bitter melon. Bitter gourd is a direct sown vegetable but polythene bag nursery is more advantageous to get early marketing and to avoid more gap filling. Introduction snake gourd plant is a annual creeper, belonging to the cucurbitaceae family this subtropical plant is native to southeastern asia and australia mostly popular in india widely grown in sri lanka, china, thailand, nigeria and australia it is suitable for growing for home garden and fresh market. Origin of the crop is unknown, but it is widely spread throughout the tropics. Pdf on jan 1, 2006, sudhamoy mandal and others published integrated disease and pest management in bitter gourd cultivation find. For leaf or shoot production, irrigate twice a week for faster shoot. It is a tropical plant that is widely cultivated in asia, india, east africa, and south america for its intensely bitter fruits that are commonly used in cooking and as a natural remedy for treating diabetes 20. Bitter gourd project report, cultivation cost, profit karela jamun cultivation income alla neredu, project report cold storage project report, cost and subsidy. Bitter gourd bitter melon nutrition facts and health. Fruit fly is bitter gourds most destructive insect pest.
Foliage pests and diseases tend to be of little consequence in bitter gourd, likely due. Plant canopy architecture management training and pruning 7. Gourd pests and diseases north carolina gourd society. Oct 05, 2014 etv in its farming related show annadata tells you how to protect your bitter gourd crops from diseases and get better yield. Make sure you provide your plants with optimal conditions for growth, focusing on the right season, temperature, spacing, nutrients, water, and disease resistant varieties.
Bitter gourd project report, cultivation cost, profit karela jamun. Small irregular yellowish patches are seen on the leaves. The viruses are known to cause various diseases in bitter gourd. Bitter gourd tolerates a wide range of soils but prefers a welldrained sandy loam soil that is rich in organic matter. Pick the fruits every 23 days when they are still at the tender stage. Fruits are considered as a rich source of vitamins and minerals and 88 mg vitamin c per 100 g. Bitter gourd balsam pear bitter melon is a young, tender, edible fruitpod in the momordica genus of climbing vines.
Efficient and ecological cultivation techniques of bitter. It affects bitter gourd, bottle gourd, cucumber, ridge gourd and snake gourd. Jul 28, 2014 bitter gourd mosaic small irregular yellowish patches are on the leaves some leaves show vein clearing in one or two lobes of the leaf transmitted by five species of aphids control spraying the crop just after germination with monocrotophos or phosphamidon 0. Bitter gourd mosaic small irregular yellowish patches are on the leaves some leaves show vein clearing in one or two lobes of the leaf transmitted by five species of aphids control spraying the crop just after germination with monocrotophos or phosphamidon 0. Diseases of bitter melon in south florida1 edis university of.
Minimum disease severity of downy mildew was recorded in treatment t5. Bitter gourd requires close attention at harvest time and fruits must be harvested frequently. Cucurbit breeder narinder dhillon and the worldveg cucurbit team closely with seed companies to ensure farmers have access to improved bitter gourd varieties with pest and disease resistance that thrive in the tropics. Regular picking is important as fruits will become more bitter as they mature and it can also hamper the growth of new fruits. Pest and disease control in ridge gourd asia farming. International year of the potato 2008 potato pest and disease.
It originated in south asia and is widely grown in asia, africa, and the caribbean for its edible fruit. The red pumpkin beetle is a serious pest of cucurbitaceous plants, except bitter gourd. Bitter gourd melon nutrition facts bitter gourd balsam pear bitter melon is a young, tender, edible fruitpod in the momordica genus of climbing vines. Made of 55% recycled rubber and can be used above or below ground. This disease is favored by high humidity and tends to. Fruit fly is bitter gourd s most destructive insect pest. Suggestions for control of common bitter gourd diseases and insect pests are presented in table 3 and the disease and pest symptoms are shown in figures 11. Plants infected in the early stages do not bear any fruit and the loss is 100%. International year of the potato 2008 potato pest and. Characteristic symptoms of this disease are malformation and proliferation of axillary buds. Determinants of integrated pest management ipm adoption, productivity and efficiency of bitter gourd momordica charantia l. It is widely grown throughout southeast asian countries including. The viral disease leads to low yields, reduced fruit quality and hundred per cent losses of marketable fruit giri and mishra 1986. This virus disease is mostly confined to the leaves with symptoms appearing on the leaves in the secondary branches produced at the apical end of the plant.
Bitter melonan asian vegetable expanding in florida. The following information is all about growing bitter gourd. Mar 23, 2012 bitter gourds have been shown to have significant antioxidant activity, which may be an important property of plant medicines associated with the treatment of several ill fated diseases including diabetes. Suggested cultural practices for bitter gourd by m. Spraying carbaryl 4 glitre of water or metacid 1mllitre of water during the seedling stage effectively controls the pest.
Pdf integrated disease and pest management in bitter gourd. Integrated pest and disease management and food safety measures 11. In the dpph radical scavenging assay, the activity of the positive control, ascorbic acid, was the highest 200 mgml, followed by the leaf, the green fruit, the stem, and the ripe fruit fractions of the bitter gourd. Diseases, management, bitter gourd mancozeb and treatment. Transplant about 15 days old seedlings to the main field.
Varieties differ in days to flower, time of anthesis and pollen grain viability. Oct 03, 2019 water management bitter gourd is a floodtolerant crop. Pdf integrated disease and pest management in bitter. Charantia bitter melon or bitter gourd figure 1 is a flowering vine in the family cucurbitaceae. Growing bitter gourd a beginners guide kisan central. The best medium for the seeds is a fertile, welldrained soil with a ph ranging from 5. On the lower surface of the leaves circular patches or spots appear. Effective and environmentally safer control methods and ipm package are needed for the proper management of the insect pests of bitter gourd. Field sanitation is also important to prevent the recurrence of the pest.
Bitter gourd snake gourd pumpkin tomato eggplant capsicum radish okra wing bean la33 ly53 mc 43 ta. The pest population can be suppressed effectively and its infestation can be squeeze in the bud, by regular killing and picking of eggs, grubs and adults, if the cropped area is small. Bitter gourd is a monoecious crop, with male and female flowers being borne on the same plant. Bitter gourd and high creatinine level bitter melon contains rich minerals, antioxidant substances, vitamins, fiber, etc, so it has the properties of diuretic, easing swelling, tonifying the kidney, improving blood circulation, lowering high blood sugar, stimulating easy digestion and so on. Intercultural operations including weed management 6. Also the larvae and adults can be shaken down in container of kerosinized water early in the morning. Bitter gourd project report, cultivation cost, profit karela jamun cultivation income alla neredu, project report. Downy mildew is a common foliar disease of cucurbits, including bitter melon in south florida, where high humidity and mild temperatures exist yearround.
They make holes in cotyledonary leaves of watermelon. Integrated pest management ipm in bitter gourd momordica. This disease is favored by high humidity and tends to occur on older leaves first. Bitter gourds have been shown to have significant antioxidant activity, which may be an important property of plant medicines associated with the treatment of several ill fated diseases including diabetes. Apply 10 kg of fym per pit 20 tha 100 grams of npk 6. The following are the pests and diseases found in bitter gourd farming.
Characteristic symptoms of this disease are malformation and proliferation of axillary. In dry season, irrigate the field by flooding at 14 dae and repeat irrigation every seven days throughout the growing season in october to december and as the need arises for may to july planting. Corolla, androecium and gynecium are transferred into green leaf like structures. Gourd diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Normally, it takes 1520 days after fruit set or 90 days from planting for fruit to reach marketable age, however, fruits can be harvested at earlier stages depending on the purpose for which it will be used. Find out how to protect your bitter gourd crops from diseases. Although its bitter taste might turn some people away, nonetheless, it truely can sweeten your health through virtue of its disease preventing and health promoting phytochemical compounds. Diseased plants show many abnormally little leaves, which fail to attain full size. Pdf on jan 1, 2006, sudhamoy mandal and others published integrated disease and pest management in bitter gourd cultivation find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Epilachna beetle are major insect pest of teasle gourd, cucumber, bitter gourd, watermelon, muskmelon and other cucurbitaceous crops. Bitter gourd crop diseases and their control agropedia. This crop is attacked by many insect pests in peshawar valley but among these two pests are very important red pumpkin beetle and fruit fly. Bitter gourd bitter melon nutrition facts and health benefits.
Fruits are used after cooking and delicious preparations are made after stuffing and frying. Beetles, fruit flies and caterpillars beetles, fruit flies and caterpillars can be controlled by spraying malathion 50 ec 1mllit or dimethoate. Nobles marketing, sales and product managers selected 20 hybrids of this popular and nutritious crop for multilocation trials. It is one of the popular vegetables grown in southeast asia and it is native to china and india regions. But it will tolerate any soil that provides a good drainage system sandy loam soil, but it will grow in areas with poorer soils. Natural antioxidants, primarily plant phenolics and polyphe. Pdf on jan 1, 2006, sudhamoy mandal and others published integrated disease and pest management in bitter gourd cultivation find, read and cite all. Bitter gourd can be taken as bitter gourd juice every morning and on an empty stomach without any side effects to lower down the blood sugar. Use 200 gauge poly bags of 10 cm diameter x 10 cm height for sowing the seeds. The fruit is a good source of iron, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin b. Adoption and impacts of integrated pest management in. It is now widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions on all continents.
Some leaves show vein clearing in one or two lobes of the leaf and severely. An evaluation of antidiabetic and antilipidemic properties. Mix 34 tsp per gallon of water and apply to foliage. Etv in its farming related show annadata tells you how to protect your bitter gourd crops from diseases and get better yield. This can be prevented by bagging the fruits and using fruit fly traps and pheromone traps. Management to reduce the disease incidence, humidity may be kept low by providing proper air circulation.
It is a tropical and subtropical vegetable crop with long climbing vines which is widely cultivated in asia, africa, and the caribbean. Momordica charantia, also known as bitter melon, bitter gourd, or balsam pear, is a plant widely cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is frequently used in south asia and the orient as a food stuff and medicinal plant. Find out how to protect your bitter gourd crops from. Extracts from various components of this plant have been.
Bitter gourd momordica charantia is one of the most popular. Suggested cultural practices for bitter gourd growables. Introduction snake gourd plant is a annual creeper, belonging to the cucurbitaceae family this subtropical plant is native to southeastern asia and australia mostly popular in india widely grown in sri lanka, china, thailand, nigeria and australia it is suitable for growing for home garden and fresh. Bitter gourd is popular due to its medicinal properties. Bitter gourd farming information guide asia farming. Construction of environmentfriendly and resourcesaving cultivation techniques is the key to sustainable development of agriculture and the ecological environment. Make sure you provide your plants with optimal conditions for growth, focusing on the right season, temperature, spacing, nutrients, water, and diseaseresistant varieties.